Assessment of the trends in medical use and misuse of opioid analgesics from 2004 to 2011.

摘要: BACKGROUND The epidemic of medical use and abuse opioid analgesics is linked to the economic burden opioid-related fatalities in United States. Multiple studies have estimated extent which prescription contribute national drug problem; also assessing trends confirmed relationship between increasing opioids fatalities.The available data limited until 2002. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis from 2004 2011 2 databases: Automation Reports Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) misuse data. OBJECTIVE To determine proportion related various 8 commonly used treat pain: buprenorphine, codeine, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, methadone, morphine, oxycodone. METHODS obtained DAWN a nationally representative sample hospital emergency department admissions resulting abuse. Main outcome measure was identification 2011. RESULTS From 2011, there an increase all except 20% decrease codeine. including codeine increased during this period. Increases ranged 2,318% buprenorphine 35% 140% 117% oxycodone, 73% 64% 37% methadone. 384% with 2006 whereas it 438% 263% 146% 107% 104% 82% 39% Comparison showed overall 1,448% 1996 increases 690% 100% In contrast, more dramatically: 4,680% 1,372% through 245% number patients seeking rehabilitation substance 187% opioids, 87% heroin, 40% marijuana, decreased 7% cocaine. LIMITATIONS Limitations assessment include lack 2003, on meperidine, that aggregate systems study did not identify specific formulations or commercial products. CONCLUSION present trend continued appears misuse, multiple health consequences.