Allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis: their impact on lower airways.

摘要: Anatomy, pathophysiology, epidemiology, and disease characteristics link the upper lower airways. Nonspecific symptoms such as cough, congestion, shortness of breath, recurrent infection may be related to airway, or both. Patients with most severe often exhibit findings inflammation at both sites. Recent literature suggests that medical treatment and, when appropriate, surgical therapy directed airway can yield improvements in airway. An understanding diagnosis management diseases sites will afford patients best possible outcomes.