Development, growth and evolution : implications for the study of the hominid skeleton

摘要: Molecular Control of Vertebrate Limb Development, Evolution, and Congenital Malformations: M.J. Cohn P.E. Bright, Introduction. Specification Initiation Limbs. Identity: Forelimbs or Hindlimbs? Outgrowth Patterning: Generating Bones from Buds. Hox Genes in Development. Evolution Tetrapod Anomalies: Linking Malformations to Molecules. Conclusions. Acknowledgments. References. Biomechanical Influences on Skeletal Growth Development: T. Skerry, Functions the Skeleton. Historical Perspectives Mechanical Bone. Quantitative Studies Effects Loading Responses Bone Cells Loading. The Mammalian Morphology: A Developmental Perspective: C.O. Lovejoy, T.D. White, Early Patterning Functional Integration Within Bud. Some Implications for Interpretation Evolution. Development Cranium: P. Thorogood Schilling. Ontogeny, Homology, Phylogeny Problem Browridge: D.E. Lieberman. Problem: How Do We Retrieve Reliable Information Skull? Homology. Integrating Homology Study Processes Hominid Cranial Development? Example: Browridge. Conclusion. Appendix. Imaging Evolution: F. Spoor, N. Jeffery Zonneveld, Overview. Plain Film Radiography. Computed Tomography. Micro-CT/X-ray Microtomograpy. Magnetic Resonance. High Resolution Resonance Imaging. Three Dimensional Analysis. Working With Images. Future Prospects. Appendix: Glossary Terms. Approaches Craniofacial Advances Morphometric Techniques: O'Higgins, Face: Motivation. Analysing Modelling Morphological Transformations Quantifying Morphology. Variations Size Shape. Geometric Analyses Variation Primates. Prospect. Software. Interpreting Dentition: Ontogenetic Phylogenetic Aspects: G.T. Schwartz C. Dean, Tooth Formation Crown Incremental Markings Enamel Dentine. Evidence Periodicity Circadian Longer Period Markings. Using Fossil Teeth. Scenarios Thick Enamel. Cuspal Growth. Dental Schedules Hominoids. Life History Primate Summary. Glossary. Morphometrics Skeleton Underpinnings Species Diversity: C.E. Oxnard, Individual Units. Integrated Combinations Masticatory System: Function, Locomotor Niche:"Function" "Evolution." Brain: "Neurometrics." Summary Results Clusters Variables. Theoretical Content Data Sets.