DRIVING, CONSERVATION, AND ABSORBING STATES IN SANDPILES

摘要: We use a phenomenological field theory, reflecting the symmetries and conservation laws of sandpiles, to compare driven dissipative sandpile, widely studied in context self-organized criticality, with corresponding fixed-energy model. The latter displays an absorbing-state phase transition upper critical dimension $d_c=4$. show that model exhibits fundamentally different approach point, compute subset exponents. present numerical simulations support our theoretical predictions.