Evaluation of three indirect methods for surveying European pine marten in a forested area of central Italy

摘要: Although small carnivore distribution has been widely studied in several countries, not all techniques used for mustelids survey can be efficiently applied every area and scarce information exists on the effectiveness of different techniques. For this reason we tested three methods to detect presence abundance European pine marten a forested central Italy. Considering naturally low density species its nocturnal elusive habits, choice was addressed indirect methods: camera trapping, hair tubes, scats survey. Data were collected from March June 2009 18 km 2 study area, where 90 traps tubes positioned as well 30 transect lines. these are surveys, including marten, our results suggest that trapping is only effective method assess estimate population area. We stress need test before starting monitoring new