摘要: How is episodic information retrieved from memory? According to Tulving (1976) and others (cf. Reddy & Bellezza, 1983; Watkins, 1979), the retrieval process involves contact of a cue with event in memory. All successful cued. The problem for young children that they may not use cues effectively, so many suffer deficit Brainerd, Howe, Kingma, 1984; Chechile Richman, 1982; Emmerich Ackerman, 1978). In present chapter, I explore nature children’s deficit. focus generally on permanent memory rather short-term discussed by Dempster Chapter 6.