The Role of Advocacy in Shaping Immigrant Education: A California Case Study.

摘要: Background Context: Throughout United States history, immigrant education has been shaped and defined by political struggles over immigration, language rights, national security, educational equity access. Bilingual become the contemporary battleground for these struggles. In 1996, in California, a struggle ensued between supporters of bilingual English Only movement, culminating public ballot initiative, Proposition 227, designed to end education. Purpose/Focus: This article explores ways which advocacy groups engage efforts protect students’ access to, inclusion in, schools, how that engagement is seeks impact on prevailing policies ideologies. Design: qualitative case study based historical records from 227 campaigns, analysis media coverage, interviews, was written as reflective piece social scientist who active campaigns. Conclusions Recommendations: The battle just one episode historically broader deeper societal fundamentally different perspectives about role schools diverse society. Although explicit conflicts forces California before, during, after were focused learner program design—the be used instruction, materials, credentialing—this an ideological struggle. Advocates unprepared fighting this arena initiative. course campaign, advocates drew lessons informed revised strategy: shift basic paradigm within framed beyond framework civil rights compensatory redefine immigration schooling affirmative, additive 21st-century global vision.