Scientific approaches to technological officiating aids in game sports

摘要: An increasing number of sports use, what we call, technological umpiring aids to support their umpires and referees respectively. In order create a basis for further investigations, the aim this review is survey respective literature extract universal issues these aids, which are used in different ways wide range settings. Therefore identified 23 studies, majority was published current decade. These studies also embraced, beside empirical works, contributions fields philosophy jurisprudence. Based on approaches findings selected seven major issues: underlying phenomena, usage patterns, accuracy, standard review, influence nature game, material as well immaterial costs amount authority that granted aid. Further, found regularly some overlapping between issues, but matters interest haven’t even been touched so far, example studying stakeholders’ opinions. Empirical theoretical evaluations have deal with complexity. As seems be neglected currently, suggest should show awareness conclusions.