The analyses on the economic costs for achieving the nationally determined contributions and the expected global emission pathways

摘要: The Paris Agreement for a post-2020 international framework tackling climate change was adopted in December 2015. agreement requires that each country prepares and communicates nationally determined contributions (NDCs) every 5 years, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. Most countries submitted NDCs before the Agreement. According to our analyses using global energy GHG assessment model, costs of vary widely among countries; those differences will induce carbon leakage, thus expected is smaller than predicted by simply aggregating reductions all countries. Moreover, emissions are larger required pathways leading high probability temperature stabilization at below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels. To fill gap, rigorous review process employing robust indicators measuring efforts crucial. However, development deployment innovative technologies with cheaper even more significant.