HIV-associated nephropathies: epidemiology, pathology, mechanisms and treatment

摘要: HIV is a highly adaptive, rapidly evolving virus, which associated with renal diseases including collapsing glomerulopathy-the classic histomorphological form of HIV-associated nephropathy. Other nephropathies related to viral factors include HIV-immune-complex kidney disease and thrombotic microangiopathy. The distribution has changed over time continues vary across geographic regions worldwide. reasons for this diversity are complex critical role APOL1 variants possibly other genetic factors, disparities in access effective antiviral therapies, likely that we do not yet fully understand. mechanisms responsible HIVAN, infection podocytes tubular epithelial cells, the molecules entry, diverse cell injury, have been focus much study. Although combined antiretroviral therapy at preventing reversing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, arterionephrosclerosis diabetic nephropathy increasingly common individuals who received such many years. These metabolic syndrome, obesity premature ageing. Future directions HIV-related will involve regular screening drug nephrotoxicity incipient disease, as well further research into by chronic inflammation can lead glomerular disease.