Urban Growth and Land Use/Land Cover Change of Biratnagar Sub-Metropolitan City, Nepal

摘要: Population growth, migration, economic opportunities, centralized plans and policies of the government, accessibility physical infrastructure, globalization are some major causes high level urbanization in Nepal. Urban development has increased exploitation natural resources forced change land use / cover. Rapid urbanization, therefore, brings opportunities to new urban developments, however, it also brought serious losses arable land, forest water bodies. Biratnagar is second largest city Nepal after Kathmandu. This paper presents historical growth phenomenon prediction cover over last four decades by utilizing remote sensing imagery Markov chain Model. In study, model been used predict future changes based on rate past change. Land sat satellite images have for analysis landuse/land All landsat (1976 MSS, 1990 TM, 1999 ETM+ 2009 TM) rectified registered Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) zone 45N. Supervised classification applied classify different categories. Four classes identified: (Built-up), body, cultivated land. industrial areas very much enlarged considerably decreased during study periods: 1976 2009. The central part dense settlement area occupied southern western city. 1976, had covered 4.80% but 38% It 12.30% 25.90 % 1999. Similarly, from 79% 55.80% (1976-2009). year 2019 modeled using a approach. Projected shows growing tendency use, which might threaten that currently reserved agricultural purpose.