An efficient finite element model for static and dynamic analyses of functionally graded piezoelectric beams

摘要: Abstract This study deals with static, free vibration and dynamic response of functionally graded piezoelectric material (FGPM) beams using an efficient three-nodded beam element. finite element is based on a refined sinus model. It does not require shear correction factor ensures continuity conditions for displacements, transverse stresses as well boundary the upper lower surfaces FGPM beam. conforming suffer from locking. The number mechanical unknowns independent layers. A high-order electrical potential field considered through each layer. proposed FE validated tests beams. For various conditions, excellent agreement found between results obtained formulation reference open literature or 3D FEM.