Alcohol-related dementia: an update of the evidence

摘要: The characteristics of dementia relating to excessive alcohol use have received increased research interest in recent times. In this paper, the neuropathology, nosology, epidemiology, clinical features, and neuropsychology alcohol-related (ARD) alcohol-induced persisting amnestic syndrome (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, or WKS) are reviewed. Neuropathological imaging studies suggest that prolonged may lead structural functional damage is permanent nature; however, there debate about relative contributions direct toxic effect (neurotoxicity hypothesis), impact thiamine deficiency, lasting damage. Investigation cognitive impairment has been further complicated by differing definitions patterns associated lifestyle factors related abuse alcohol. Present diagnostic systems identify two main syndromes impairment: ARD WKS. However, 'alcohol-related brain damage' increasingly used as an umbrella term encompass heterogeneity these disorders. It unclear what level drinking pose a risk for development or, fact, whether lower levels protect against other forms dementia. Epidemiological individuals with typically younger age onset than those dementia, more likely be male, often socially isolated. profile appears involve both cortical subcortical pathology, deficits most frequently observed on tasks visuospatial function well memory higher-order (executive) tasks. WKS heterogeneous nature originally documented, executive commonly reported conjunction characteristic deficits. Individuals disorders potential at least partially recover - structurally functionally if abstinence maintained. review, considerations setting recommendations diagnosis management discussed.