作者: Yan Peng , Julia Grassl , A. Harvey Millar , Boris Baer
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摘要: The societies of ants, bees and wasps are genetically closed systems where queens only mate during a brief mating episode prior to their eusocial life males therefore provide with lifetime supply high-quality sperm. These ejaculates also contain number defence proteins that have been detected in the seminal fluid but function efficiency never investigated great detail. Here, we used honeybee Apis mellifera quantified whether is able combat infections fungal pathogen Nosema apis , widespread parasite sexually transmitted. We first empirical evidence has remarkable antimicrobial activity against N. spores components kill multiple ways. protein fraction induces extracellular spore germination, which disrupts cycle whereas non-protein direct viability loss intact spores. conclude efficient molecules thereby reduce risk disease transmission mating. Our findings could be broader significance master diseases managed stock future.