The importance and the policy impacts of post-contractual opportunism and competition in the English and Welsh non-fossil fuel obligation

摘要: The non-fossil fuel obligation (NFFO), which consisted in a competitive auction for the deployment of renewable electricity, was main policy almost decade England and Wales. Once also used Ireland France, it has recently been abandoned all countries. Many critics NFFO have focused on its inability to develop national industry promote climate stability among investors. This paper focuses incentives faced by developers bidding contract shows that low rate under this scheme is likely predictable outcome how structured implemented rather than an unfortunate accident. importance goes beyond lack intense electricity generation observed years place. In fact, contributed to: promoting hostility against wind farms; creating false expectations price sector; playing field giving advantages big players; preventing creation wide lobby coalition effective solution planning constraints encountered several developers.