Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas and Gastrointestinal Tract and Carcinoid Disease

摘要: The neuroendocrine, or islet cell, and carcinoid tumor of the pancreas gastrointestinal tract are a group similar neoplasms that, although they may behave clinically biochemically in different ways, share number common features. Although originally thought to be neural crest origin, these cells now considered originate from embryonic endoderm.1 They capable taking up decarboxylating aromatic amines their precursors, giving rise term APUD (amine precursor uptake decarboxylation) apudomas. This has largely been replaced by designation as neuroendocrine tract.2 concentrated stomach, midgut, pancreas, histochemical ultrastructural characteristics with other endocrine cell types such chromaffin adrenal medulla, melanotrophs corticotrophs pituitary, parafollicular (C) thyroid, sympathetic ganglia carotid body. also similarity tumors.3,4 Histologically, tumors composed monotonous sheets small round uniform nucleus cytoplasm general lack mitotic figures.5,6 In general, well vascularized tend have pattern metastatic spread, involving primarily regional lymph nodes liver, widespread metastases lung, bone, brain can occur.7