Endocrine control of sexual differentiation: effects of the maternal–fetal environment and endocrine disrupting chemicals

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the effects of gonadal steroids differentiation indifferent embryo into male or female after determination. Vertebrates respond to hormonal signals throughout their life, both endocrine messengers released bloodstream and paracrine affecting neighboring cells. Developmentally important are constantly being altered by environment. The “environment” here refers micro-environment cells, entire internal environment a fetus, intrauterine (that is particularly when there multiple fetuses), (physiological state) mother, external inhabited chemicals (natural man-made) that enter mothers body via food, water air. Vertebrate development referred as “epigenetic”, because genes regulate regulated differentiating