The status of infectious disease in the Amazon region.

摘要: he Amazon River basin region is a vast territory with an area >7 million km 2 , encompassing parts of 9 South American countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. The River, the longest river in world, traverses from west to east, fed by multiple tributaries. also contains largest tropical rainforest situated on massive plain whose altitude near sea level. With climate characterized high temperatures humidity copious rainfall, has densest most varied ecosystem world. Conditions are favorable for transmission numerous diseases, which pose particular risks populations exposed precarious housing working conditions. Many these well-known diseases epidemiologic characteristics changing as result accelerating population, environmental, changes. Others novel being discovered regularly. Malaria important endemic disease because its incidence. It naturally transmitted mosquitoes genus Anopheles. Slow-fl owing, nonpolluted, shaded waters provide this vector environment reproduction, dense forest enables adult live longer than other climates. Climatic conditions favor development Plasmodium spp. mosquitoes. Intense human migration rural urban areas contributes malaria peripheral Amazonian cities. Tegumentary leishmaniasis another high-incidence region. Multiple animal species serve reservoirs Leishmania rainforest, do disease’s primary vectors, insects Lutzomya. Arboviruses highly region, particularly Oropouche virus Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus. Yellow fever endemic; nonhuman primates principal during sylvatic cycle. Vaccination essential means protection against yellow both local population visitors. Aedes aegypti centers ever-present risk responsible incidence dengue. For reasons yet be determined, persons living