摘要: Control and operation of electric power system is based on the ability to determine state in real time. State estimation was introduced 1960s achieve this objective. The initial implementation single phase measurements a model that assumed operate under frequency, balanced conditions symmetric model. These assumptions are still prevelant today. have simplified but generated practical problems. experience problem does not 100% performance, i.e. there cases time periods SE algorithm will converge. There theoretical reasons for they explained paper. Mergers mandated RTOs as well announcements formation mega result application systems unprecedented size. We believe these issues become greater importance. scientists scalable meaning it work same way performs now medium-large systems. true. fact matter no-one has investigated problem, let alone perform numerical experiments prove or disprove any claims. This paper identifies number relative RTOs. discussed basis. also calls provide answers questions.
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