Adaptation, Expertise, and Giftedness: Towards an Understanding of Cortical, Subcortical, and Cerebellar Network Contributions

摘要: Current cortico-centric models of cognition lack a cohesive neuroanatomic framework that sufficiently considers overlapping levels function, from “pathological” through “normal” to “gifted” or exceptional ability. While most cognitive theories presume an evolutionary context, few actively consider the process adaptation, including concepts neurodevelopment. Further, frequent co-occurrence and function is difficult explain point view. This comprehensive review paper proposes includes brain’s vertical organization “giftedness” neurodevelopmental vantage point. We begin by discussing current model its relationship intelligence. then integrated, dual-tiered better explains adaptation simultaneously allowing for both stimulus-based processing higher-order control. role basal ganglia within this model, particularly in relation reward circuitry instrumental learning. important white matter tracts speed development behavioral mastery. examine cerebellum’s critical refinement automation, expertise giftedness. conclude integrated brain considering savant syndrome, which we believe best understood context allows automaticity as well executive