A review of the factors influencing spawning, early life stage survival and recruitment variability in the common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis).

摘要: Global landings of cephalopods (cuttlefish, squid and octopus) have increased dramatically over the past 50 years now constitute almost 5% total world's fisheries production. At a time when many traditional fin-fish stocks are continuing to experience global decline as result over-exploitation, it is expected that fishing pressure on cephalopod will continue rise industry switch their focus onto these non-quota species. However, long-term trends indicate may begun plateau or even decrease. In European waters, cuttlefish among most important commercial resource currently highest yielding group harvested in north-east Atlantic, with English Channel supporting main fishery for this Recruitment variability short-lived species drives large fluctuations landings. order provide sustainable management Sepia officinalis populations, essential we first thorough understanding ecology life history species, particular, factors affecting spawning, early stage (ELS) survival recruitment variability. This review explores how why such exists, starting impact maternal effects (e.g. navigation, migration egg laying), moving direct environmental variation embryonic ELSs culminating impacts variations (maternal environmental) at population level annual success. Understanding critical effective expanding