Wildlife Conservation on the Rangelands of Eastern and Southern Africa: Past, Present, and Future

摘要: Abstract Our objective was to assess the status of large native rangeland mammals in eastern and southern African countries focusing on conservation strategies that will benefit animals, their habitats, people who live this region. Eastern rangelands are renowned for supporting a globally unique diversity abundance mammals. This wildlife legacy is threatened by changing demographics, increased poaching, habitat fragmentation, global warming, but there reasons optimism. After sharp declines from 1970 1990 across Africa, populations some have subsequently due incentives involving sport hunting ecotourism. National parks protected areas, which been critically important maintaining populations, being better protected. Over past 50 years, number has doubled areas several expanded. The major problem no more than 20% national reserves set aside adequately poaching. where recently thrived robust ecotourism programs, economically private landowners. Considerable research shows rural communities dependent can be incentivized participate mammal programs if they tourism, hunting, legal sale animal by-products. Community-based ecologically effective sustaining enhancing biodiversity, including rhinos, elephants, lions. Low-input ranching wild ungulates meat may an viable alternative traditional range livestock production systems areas. However, many situations, common-use grazing give most efficient use forages landscapes while diversifying income lowering risk.