Effect of sea breeze propagation on the urban boundary layer of the metropolitan region of Sao Paulo, Brazil

摘要: Abstract Thermally driven circulations over urban areas, such as sea, lake, and land breezes mountain-valley heat island (UHI) circulations, strongly determine local weather air quality conditions highly populated areas. This study investigates the influence of sea breeze (SB) propagation on development boundary layer (UBL) in Metropolitan Region Sao Paulo (MRSP), Brazil, an area with complex topography. investigation is undertaken observationally by analyzing surface upper observations conducted 2013 during MCITY BRAZIL Project field campaigns numerically performing a set Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) simulations. The observational analysis highlights two SB events MRSP, one February (austral summer) other August (winter). In both seasons, passage front disrupts convective growth UBL establishes thermal internal layer, thereby reducing height. cooling also momentarily UHI circulation. results indicate that topography enhances because it helps marine to go up MRSP coastal escarpment reach plateau while forcing adiabatic this air, intensifying gradient between southern part area. further increases (from 0.5 K 2 K summer 1 2.5 K winter), accelerating propagation. Synoptic whether reaches may displace convergence center