Screening of benzodiazepines in thirty European rivers

摘要: Pharmaceuticals as environmental contaminants have received a lot of interest over the past decade but, for several pharmaceuticals, relatively little is known about their occurrence in European surface waters. Benzodiazepines, class pharmaceuticals with anxiolytic properties, due to behavioral modifying effect on exposed biota. In this study, our results show presence one or more benzodiazepine(s) 86% analyzed water samples (n = 138) from 30 rivers, representing seven larger catchments. Of 13 benzodiazepines included we detected 9, which together showed median and mean concentrations (of above limit quantification) 5.4 9.6 ng L−1, respectively. Four (oxazepam, temazepam, clobazam, bromazepam) were most commonly detected. particular, oxazepam had highest frequency detection (85%) maximum concentration 61 L−1. Temazepam clobazam found 26% (maximum 39 L−1) 14% 11 analyzed, Finally, bromazepam was only Germany 16 out total 138 (12%), 320 This study clearly shows that are common micro-contaminants largest river systems at L−1 levels. Although these than magnitude lower those reported effective effects biota, cannot be excluded considering possibility additive sub-lethal effects.