Review of the effects of non-point nutrient loading on coastal ecosystems

摘要: In many coastal regions (e.g. parts of the North Sea, northern Adriatic Baltic Great Barrier Reef lagoon, wider Caribbean, areas USA) there is large-scale, and in some cases chronic, eutrophication. regions, link between eutrophication destruction an ecosystem obvious, with excessive algal growth water-column anoxia. other cases, particularly more fragile ecosystems such as coral-reef seagrass areas, links are not so yet impacts can be devastating. Eutrophication have insidious effects contributing directly to mortality fish, marine mammals sea birds indirectly disease or death humans owing accumulation biotoxins seafoods. Increased development changes land-use patterns zone increased loading diffuse non-point nutrients. subject runoff soil erosion, most nutrient load transported particulate form. loads nutrients discharged from cropping lands typically order magnitude greater than those pristine forested areas. Nutrient export pasture lands, whether these fertilized not, also significantly that total far higher intensively farmed A reduction discharges waters will require careful planning. The importance fraction necessitates effective control erosion. hydrological linkage terrestrial must emphasized. Collective management hinterland coastal-zone resources could initiate remediation a serious growing problem.