Population genetics of pike, genus Esox (Actinopterygii, Esocidae), in Northern Italy: evidence for mosaic distribution of native, exotic and introgressed populations

摘要: Esox flaviae represents the native esocid species of Italian peninsula at present potentially highly threatened by diffusion exotic E. lucius. Here, we a novel mtDNA (N = 272) and microsatellite (N = 275) dataset including 13 test 3 reference samples, aimed to delineate distribution as well unravel potential introgressive hybridisation between two in Northern Italy. We highlight complex mosaic both species, with contrasting occurrence even neighbouring sites. Significant genetic substructure is still observed within flaviae, while dispersal invader seems be promoted restocking actions. In addition, prove existence pikes. gender-biased suggested, constituting predominant ‘mother species’ process. Finally, underline need for revision fisheries management regulations, which nation-wide exhaustive screening near future should build scientific basis.