作者: Christopher J. Trentacosta , Daniel S. Shaw
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-0905-2_20
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摘要: The annual cost of youth violence in the USA exceeds $158 billion when accounting for direct and indirect effects on areas such as medical burden, work productivity, quality life (Center Disease Control Prevention 2008). Therefore, preventing antisocial behavior should be a high priority researchers policy makers. Research suggests that approximately 80–85% young children desist from disobedience, temper tantrums, physical aggression, other behaviors are relatively normative during early childhood (Nagin Tremblay 1999; Shaw et al. 2003). However, 5–10% show persistently levels conduct problems may lead to adolescence (Moffitt 2002; Although pattern “late-starting” or “adolescence-limited” initially emerging has been shown have more serious consequences adult functioning than originally thought, “early-starting” “life-course-persistent” is associated with an even persistent course middle through adulthood 1993; Patterson 1992). For example, men who followed trajectory reported similar psychiatric symptoms 2002). were still two three times likely receive criminal conviction adults compared trajectory. identifying risk factors early-starting patterns essential health well-being members society.