The role of epigenetics, bacterial and host factors in progression of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection

摘要: Tuberculosis (TB) infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is still a persistent global health problem, particularly in developing countries. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported mortality rate of about 1.8 million worldwide due to TB complications 2015. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine was introduced 1921 and widely used prevent development. This offers up 80% protection against various forms TB; however its efficacy lung varies among different geographical settings. Devastatingly, the development drug-resistant strains has significantly impaired discovery effective safe anti-bacterial agents. Consequently, this necessitated new drug targets novel anti-TB therapeutics counter Mtb strains. Importantly, factors that contribute have been identified include bacterial resuscitation factors, host environmental genetics. Furthermore, Mtb-induced epigenetic changes also play crucial role evading immune response leads persistence dissemination. Recently, application GeneXpert MTB/RIF® rapidly diagnose identify molecular markers distinguish between latent active motivated energised research. Therefore, review article will briefly discuss current state, highlight mechanisms employed evade as well some modern techniques may potentially target inhibit replication.