摘要: The principles of contrast mechanisms and fast pulse sequences underlying neurological neuroradiological application MRI are introduced in this part a two-part review. In particular, the relaxation time constants T(1), T(2), T(2) (*) introduced, along with harnessing their contrast, spin-echo, spin echo (FSE), inversion recovery (IR), gradient recalled (GRE), planar imaging (EPI). use gadolinium (Gd)-based is discussed both T(1)- (*)-weighted sequences. Tradeoffs between speed image quality discussed, particularly context long train (FSE EPI). influence parallel strategies also discussed. sensitivity as source artifact well mechanism (perfusion agents, susceptibility weighted [SWI], blood oxygenation level dependent [BOLD] imaging). Finally, diffusion concept anisotropy. From these principles, other review draws upon to design disease indication-specific protocols for state-of-the-art clinical use.
u-szeged.hu 
sci-hub.se 参考文章(23)
Leif Østergaard, Cerebral perfusion imaging by bolus tracking Topics in Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ,vol. 15, pp. 3- 9 ,(2004) , 10.1097/00002142-200402000-00002
K. K. Kwong, J. W. Belliveau, D. A. Chesler, I. E. Goldberg, R. M. Weisskoff, B. P. Poncelet, D. N. Kennedy, B. E. Hoppel, M. S. Cohen, R. Turner, Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity during primary sensory stimulation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ,vol. 89, pp. 5675- 5679 ,(1992) , 10.1073/PNAS.89.12.5675
Arno Villringer, Bruce R. Rosen, John W. Belliveau, Jerome L. Ackerman, Randall B. Lauffer, Richard B. Buxton, Yong-Sheng Chao, Van J. Wedeenand, Thomas J. Brady, Dynamic imaging with lanthanide chelates in normal brain: contrast due to magnetic susceptibility effects. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. ,vol. 6, pp. 164- 174 ,(1988) , 10.1002/MRM.1910060205
P.J. Basser, J. Mattiello, D. Lebihan, Estimation of the Effective Self-Diffusion Tensor from the NMR Spin Echo Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B. ,vol. 103, pp. 247- 254 ,(1994) , 10.1006/JMRB.1994.1037
M. E. Moseley, Y. Cohen, J. Mintorovitch, L. Chileuitt, H. Shimizu, J. Kucharczyk, M. F. Wendland, P. R. Weinstein, Early detection of regional cerebral ischemia in cats: comparison of diffusion- and T2-weighted MRI and spectroscopy. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. ,vol. 14, pp. 330- 346 ,(1990) , 10.1002/MRM.1910140218
Joseph V. Hajnal, David J. Bryant, Larry Kasuboski, Pradip M. Pattany, Beatrice De Coene, Paul D. Lewis, Jacqueline M. Pennock, Angela Oatridge, Ian R. Young, Graeme M. Bydder, Use of fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) pulse sequences in MRI of the brain Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. ,vol. 16, pp. 841- 844 ,(1992) , 10.1097/00004728-199211000-00001
P Mansfield, Multi-planar image formation using NMR spin echoes Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics. ,vol. 10, ,(1977) , 10.1088/0022-3719/10/3/004
R I Grossman, J M Gomori, K N Ramer, F J Lexa, M D Schnall, Magnetization transfer: theory and clinical applications in neuroradiology. Radiographics. ,vol. 14, pp. 279- 290 ,(1994) , 10.1148/RADIOGRAPHICS.14.2.8190954
S. Ogawa, T. M. Lee, A. R. Kay, D. W. Tank, Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. ,vol. 87, pp. 9868- 9872 ,(1990) , 10.1073/PNAS.87.24.9868
Jürgen R. Reichenbach, Ramesh Venkatesan, Dmitriy A. Yablonskiy, Michael R. Thompson, Song Lai, E. Mark Haacke, Theory and application of static field inhomogeneity effects in gradient‐echo imaging Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ,vol. 7, pp. 266- 279 ,(1997) , 10.1002/JMRI.1880070203