Solanesol: a review of its resources, derivatives, bioactivities, medicinal applications, and biosynthesis

摘要: Solanesol, which mainly accumulates in solanaceous crops, including tobacco, tomato, potato, eggplant, and pepper plants, is a long-chain polyisoprenoid alcohol compound with nine isoprene units. Chemical synthesis of solanesol difficult; therefore, primarily extracted from particularly tobacco leaves. In exists both free esterified forms, its accumulation influenced by genetic environmental factors. Solanesol widely used the pharmaceutical industry as an intermediate for ubiquinone drugs, such coenzyme Q10 vitamin K2. possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer activities, derivatives also have anti-oxidant antitumour addition to other bioactivities. can be treatment cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, wound healing. biosynthesis occurs plastids higher plants via 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway. The key enzymes biosynthesis, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase, 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate-reductoisomerase, isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, solanesyl diphosphate are important regulators MEP pathway, their overexpression favourable downstream metabolic flow, further promoting metabolites, solanesol. Future studies should determine pharmacokinetic properties investigate pathways regulatory mechanisms mediating engineering solanesol, synthetic biology physiological role present review, we systematically summarise current knowledge on resources, derivatives, bioactivities medicinal applications, pathways, biosynthetic enzymes.