Cross-species transmission of canine distemper virus—an update

摘要: Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pantropic morbillivirus with worldwide distribution, which causes fatal disease in dogs. Affected animals develop dyspnea, diarrhea, neurological signs and profound immunosuppression. Systemic CDV infection, resembling domestic dogs, can be found also wild canids (e.g. wolves, foxes), procyonids raccoons, kinkajous), ailurids red pandas), ursids black bears, giant mustelids ferrets, minks), viverrids civets, genets), hyaenids spotted hyenas), large felids lions, tigers). Furthermore, besides infection the closely related phocine virus, seals become infected by CDV. In some outbreaks including mass mortalities among Baikal Caspian Serengeti Park, terrestrial carnivores dogs wolves have been suspected as vectors for infectious agent. addition, lethal infections described non-carnivore species such peccaries non-human primates demonstrating remarkable ability of pathogen to cross barriers. Mutations affecting H protein required attachment host-cell receptors are associated virulence emergence novel host species. The broad expanding range its maintenance within wildlife reservoir hosts considerably hampers eradication.