Reference electrode having a microfluidic flowing liquid junction

摘要: A flowing junction reference electrode exhibiting heretofore unattainable potentiometric characteristics is described, comprising a microfluidic liquid member that situated between electrolyte solution and sample solution. This has an array of nanochannels spanning the physically connecting solution, but while flows through into at linear velocity, does not substantially enter via mechanisms diffusion, migration, convection or other known mechanisms. The number in preferably approximately 100 10. Also prefarebly, are straight parallel to one another; such herein described as anisotropic. also coated. widths any uniform, width nanochannel equal array. have greater than 500 nanometers, most 70 nanometers. may be constructed out suitable material, polymer, polymer selected from group consisting polycarbonate polyimide, silicon, glass, ceramic.