Conventional Cytogenetic Approaches—Useful and Indispensable Tools in Discovering Fish Biodiversity

摘要: Fishes exhibit the greatest biodiversity among extant vertebrates. In fact, about 34,000 fish species are currently estimated, of which ~ 25% living in Neotropical freshwaters. Currently, several leading-edge studies using molecular biology procedures have largely contributed to investigation genomic architecture at chromosomal level. this review, we intend demonstrate that conventional cytogenetics is also a powerful procedure identify and clarify both individual inter- or intrapopulational characteristics unveil their biodiversity. Intra- interpopulational characteristics, revealing dramatic processes evolution cryptic divergence even speciation, as well unusual cases interspecific hybridization, clonal reproduction, sex chromosome differentiation, were, still are, unmistakably discovered fishes by conventional, i.e., non-molecular cytogenetic procedures. aim constitutes indispensable tool characterizing hidden ichthyofauna. We focus on some key examples clearly illustrate importance efficiency approach.