The microenvironmental modelling approach to assess children's exposure to air pollution – A review

摘要: Exposures to a wide spectrum of air pollutants were associated several effects on children's health. Exposure assessment can be used establish where and how pollutants' exposures occur. However, realistic estimation pollution is usually great ethics challenge, especially for young children, because they cannot intentionally exposed contaminants according Helsinki declaration, are not old enough make decision their participation. Additionally, using adult surrogates introduces bias, since time-space-activity patterns different from those children. From all the available approaches exposure assessment, microenvironmental (ME) modelling (indirect approach, personal estimated or predicted microenvironment measurements combined with time-activity data) seemed best assess as it takes into account varying levels which an individual during course day, faster less expensive. Thus, this review aimed explore use ME approach methodology pollution. To meet goal, total 152 articles, published 2002, identified titles abstracts scanned relevance. After exclusions, 26 articles fully reviewed main characteristics detailed, namely: (i) study design outcomes, including location, population, calendar time, analysed purpose; (ii) data collection, (methods record time key elements) (microenvironments, methods collection duration resolution). The studies parts world, confirming worldwide application, mostly cross-sectional. Longitudinal also found enhancing applicability approach. application children that adults namely collecting must itself different, leads select microenvironments concentrations. most gather information questionnaires diaries, considered home school (indoors outdoors). Although in highly encouraged, validation process needed, due uncertainties