Ischemia-Induced Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Within the Post-Stroke Cortex in Adult Brains

摘要: Stroke is one of the major causes death and disability in developed countries. The central nervous system (CNS) known for its limited reparative capacity, but several studies demonstrated that CNS has some potential cerebral ischemia followed by activation endogenous neurogenesis (Nakatomi et al., 2002; Taguchi 2004). It well-known new neurons are continuously generated specific brain regions such as subventricular zones (SVZ) (Alvarez-Buylla 2002) subgranular zone within dentate gyrus hippocampus (SGZ) (Kuhn 1996). Although adult cortical remains controversial, accumulating evidence shown under pathological conditions, mammalian cortex (Magavi 2000; Jiang 2001; Jin 2006; Yang 2007). This suggests neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) can be activated injury ischemic stroke. In support this notion, we NSPCs develop poststroke area murine (Nakagomi 2009a; Nakagomi 2009b; Nakano-Doi 2010; Saino 2010) human (Nakayama 2010), referred to these ischemia/injury-induced (iNSPCs). These express markers NSPCs, nestin Sox2. They also form neurospheres have capacity self-renewal, differentiate into electrophysiologically functional neurons, astrocytes, myelin-producing oligodendrocytes Clausen 2011). addition, iNSPCs originate, at least part, from cortex, not SVZ 2009b). However, detailed origin identity unclear. chapter, introduce characterization possible based on our reports recent viewpoint, compare them other previously reported types cells, including astrocytes (Doetsch 1999), ependymal (Moreno-Manzano 2009), reactive (Shimada resident glia (Zawadzka oligodendrocyte precursor (OPCs) (Kondo 2000). We refer therapeutic iNSPC transplantation stroke patients.