Can the Clinical Examination Diagnose Left-Sided Heart Failure in Adults?

摘要: We systematically reviewed the literature to ascertain how well clinicians determine probability and type of left-sided heart failure in their patients. Left-sided is characterized by decreased left ventricular ejection fraction or increased filling pressure. The determines optimal treatment. Systolic dysfunction exists when reduced. Diastolic presumed be present pressure with a normal without another explanatory diagnosis. Many findings are associated failure, wide variation clinicians' ability detect these findings. best for detecting jugular venous distention radiographic redistribution. systolic abnormal apical impulse, cardiomegaly, q waves bundle branch block on an electrocardiogram. especially difficult diagnose, but elevated blood during failure.