Interannual Variability of the Onset of the Indian Summer Monsoon and Its Association with Atmospheric Features, El Niño, and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

摘要: Abstract The long-term mean date of the monsoon onset over Kerala (MOK) varies between 30 May and 2 June according to different estimates, with a standard deviation 8–9 days. earliest MOK, most delayed one, during last 100 years differ by 46 days (7 22 June, respectively). MOK switches on spatially large intense convective heat source south Asia, lasting from September, whose moisture supply is made available through cross-equatorial low-level jet stream. Superposed epoch analysis 10 outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) data shows that significant stage in evolution OLR field tropics eastern hemisphere. At time there increased convection band about 5–10 degrees wide meridionally, extending Arabian Sea China, suppressed all around, particularly western Pacific Ocean. In 1983 when was 3 pentads, showed ...