“Things are different now”: Farmer perceptions of cultural ecosystem services of traditional rice landscapes in Vietnam and the Philippines

摘要: Abstract Traditional rice production has shaped distinctive cultural landscapes in SE Asia. Rice cultivation is closely linked to socio-cultural values and created specific agrobiodiversity. Increasing development pressures lead an intensification of small-scale systems with this changes associated ecosystems services. With a focus on ecosystem services along different land use gradients qualitative assessment farmer’s perceptions regarding their was conducted. Interviews focused traditional farming methods the abundance that support preservation low-input, sustainable management strategies. 73 indicators for Cultural Identity, Landscape Aesthetics, Knowledge Systems were derived, revealing structures socioeconomic situation farmers influence view landscape-related The approach research provides important contribution field service assessments because these are people perceive based culturally embedded socially preferences. For implementation ecological engineering, which participation belief into natural resilience ecosystems, evidence areas theoretical concept could find higher acceptance.