Preconditioning paradigms and pathways in the brain.

摘要: Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which the brain protects itself against future injury by adapting to low doses of noxious insults. stimuli include ischemia, endotoxin, hypoxia, hypothermia and hyperthermia, cortical spreading depression, anesthetics, 3-nitropropionic acid, among others. Understanding mechanisms underlying preconditioning has been elusive, but NMDA receptor activation, nitric oxide, inflammatory cytokines, suppression innate immune system appear have role. Elucidation endogenous cell survival pathways involved significant clinical implications for preventing neuronal damage susceptible patients.