A survey of parabens in commercial pharmaceuticals from China and its implications for human exposure
作者： Wan-Li Ma , Xue Zhao , Zhong-Yang Lin , Mohammed O.A. Mohammed , Zi-Feng Zhang
DOI: 10.1016/J.ENVINT.2016.07.013
关键词:
摘要: Abstract Parabens are widely used as antimicrobial preservatives during pharmaceutical production. However, little information is available regarding the occurrence of parabens in commercial pharmaceuticals and their implications for human exposure. In this study, six commonly were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with 100 collected from China. Almost all samples contained at least one kind detection frequency 97%. The concentrations Σ 6 (sum parabens) ranged below MDL to 1256 ng/g, mean median values 94.8 119 ng/g, respectively. Methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl (EtP) propyl (PrP) predominant compounds. Significant positive correlation was observed between MeP PrP, indicating co-applications pharmaceuticals. Levels varied different categories increased shelf lives. Based on measured daily ingestion rates pharmaceuticals, estimated intake ( EDI ) calculated. male adults, female adults children 4.05, 4.75 9.73 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively, which three orders magnitude lower than those foodstuffs personal care products (PCPs). It firstly reported that total exposure dose 0.326 mg/kg-bw/day via foodstuffs, PCPs, Chinese adults.
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