Timing and style of Late Quaternary glaciation in the eastern Hindu Kush, Chitral, northern Pakistan: a review and revision of the glacial chronology based on new optically stimulated luminescence dating

摘要: Abstract Glacial landforms and sediments provide evidence for two Late Quaternary major glaciations in the eastern Hindu Kush. New optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating was undertaken to define timing of these associated sediment deposition. The Drosh Glacial, defined by OSL have occurred during marine isotopic stage-3, producing an extensive valley glaciation that extended altitude ⩾1300 m above sea level (asl) main valley, with equilibrium line (ELA) depression ∼1200 m. Pret produced a ∼1670 m asl. ELA ∼1000 m. new suggests this glacial stage probably represents several advances latter part Last Glacial. Moraines representing minor advances, Shandur Barum stages, were also recognized near contemporary glaciers. These formed Middle/Late Holocene Little Ice Age, respectively. This study comparisons adjacent regions suggest there limited global Maximum (LGM) Deglaciation mountain ranges Himalayas consequent meltwater discharge into seas negligible immediately after LGM it therefore importance as forcing factor climate change end last cycle. However, our studies show particularly deglaciation is important controlling deposition thick fills landscape evolution high environments.