Herpes Simplex Virus Pneumonia in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies

摘要: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pneumonia is rare and usually seen in immunocompromised patients. Patients with hematologic malignancies hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are at risk. Most of the cases HSV caused by HSV-1; however, HSV-2 have also been reported. Mucocutaneous disease often precedes development pneumonia, nonspecific symptoms that include fever, cough, dyspnea. Worsening oxygenation failure to wean off mechanical ventilation despite broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage a common presentation. Diagnosis requires high degree suspicion based on isolation from respiratory secretions demonstration cytopathic effects histopathology. Acyclovir most widely used drug for treatment prophylaxis. With increasing evidence resistance acyclovir its analogs, newer agents such as foscarnet cidofovir being recommended options. Prophylaxis patients seropositive undergoing chemotherapy or immediate post-HSCT period has shown reduce rates mortality rates. This chapter will focus incidence transmission, pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnosis, management HSCT, well outcome prognosis.