Small scale agriculture, marginal conditions and market access: impacts on natural resources and farmers' welfare.

摘要: Keywords: small-scale farmers, food security, impact evaluation, Ecuador, Ethiopia, crop choice, social capital, genetic diversity, pesticides. Numerous are the obstacles and difficulties smallholder farmers from developing countries have to face achieve security or improve their wellbeing. Challenges opportunities may vary dramatically having cope with harsh climatic production conditions option of entering market, yet farming systems decisions crucial elements reduce poverty This is particularly true in a time which growing population, climate change energy requirements pose increasing pressure on land natural resources. In either context, use exploitation resources thus key aspect consider regard variety choices that can affect diversity pesticides might be induced standards required by market. thesis attempts address these analysing how deal achieving improving wellbeing through choices, technologies strategies adopted access market marginal but market-oriented as opposed manage agro-ecological conditions. After analyzing detail role agriculture, Plant Genetic Resources for Food Agriculture (PGRFA) agricultural markets seed systems, divided two parts. The first part deals Ecuadorian Sierra benefit dynamic changes economy what potato varieties adopted. second examines Hararghe region Ethiopia frequent shocks mainly determined drought adoption impacts efficiency diversity. importance evident throughout work presented, specifically analyzed case Ethiopia. By using different approaches, methodologies data, among rigorous assessment plays role, findings show unequivocal access, sources, capital. analysis undertaken demonstrates programs policies effective need implemented entire value chain: input produce commercialization, whereas capital facilitate successfulness adoption, program implementation. Lastly, this evaluation help identify aspects suggest way forward sustainable economic development.