Diabetic retinopathy: loss of neuroretinal adaptation to the diabetic metabolic environment

摘要: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) impairs vision of patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, associated vascular dysfunction occlusion, retinal edema, hemorrhage, inappropriate growth new blood vessels. The recent success biologic treatments targeting endothelial factor (VEGF) demonstrates that treating the aspects in later stages disease can preserve many patients. It would also be highly desirable to prevent onset or arrest its progression at a stage preceding appearance overt microvascular pathologies. DR is not necessarily linear but may follow series steps evolve over course multiple years. Abundant data suggest diabetes affects entire neurovascular unit retina, an early loss coupling, gradual neurodegeneration, gliosis, neuroinflammation occurring before observable In this article, we consider pathology from point view causes measurable dysfunctions complex integral network cell types produce maintain human vision.