Metal Nanoparticles, Synthesis of

摘要: The successful synthesis of metal nanoparticles decisively depends on sufficient stabilisation by protecting materials. This can be reached either electrostatic repulsion charged species or covering the surface atoms with polymers, surfactants, especially ligand molecules binding to particles via covalent bonds. Noble metals are in focus, since their salts complexes easily reduced oxidation state 0 and sensitivity towards oxygen is even avoided like case gold. Nevertheless, less noble prepared. Above all, there an increasing need get monodispersed particles, properties depend size shape. There exist so-called physical methods generate from bulk that then allowed coalesce nanoparticles. High temperatures laser ablations examples. Chemically based procedures use any stabilizing agencies. Among numerous methods, salt reduction dominates. Thermal decomposition appropriate precursor soft removal organometallics have become known as alternative routes. Photolytic radiolytic techniques exist, but do not play important roles. magnetic interest respect applications. syntheses mainly follow recipes metals. Fe, Co, Ni well bimetallic alloy-like available. characteristics again size, structure, shape, more than nonmagnetic species. Therefore, synthetic resulting uniform great importance. Keywords: noble nanoparticles; magnetic nanoparticles; laser ablation; salt reduction; thermal reactions; ligand removal; photolysis; radiolysis