Pain on injection with microemulsion propofol.

摘要: WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Aqueous free propofol in lipid emulsion elicits pain. • No data on the incidence and severity of injection pain for Aquafol™ (Daewon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Seoul, Korea), a lipid-free microemulsion propofol, are available. • Two hypotheses involving plasma bradykinin generation have been proposed to explain propofol-induced pain; one implicates aqueous other solvent. WHAT STUDY ADDS • Microemulsion produces more frequent severe injection, an effect that may be attributable high concentration propofol. • There was no evidence caused pain. • In addition, agents known prevent did not decrease concentrations. AIMS To evaluate by relation concentrations. METHODS Injection evaluated 147 patients. Aqueous concentrations each formulation, formulation mixtures containing reduce pain, were measured high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma both formulations their components mixed with blood sampled from six volunteers radioimmunoassays. Injection 8% polyethylene glycol 660 hydroxystearate (PEG660 HS) another 10 volunteers. RESULTS The [visual analogue scale (VAS) >30 mm] 69.7 42.3% (P < 0.001), respectively. The median VAS scores 59 24 mm, respectively (95% confidence interval difference 12.5, 40.0). seven times higher than propofol. Agents affect concentrations. Microemulsion PEG660 HS enhanced generation, whereas solvent not. cause pain. CONCLUSIONS Higher produce pain. kallikrein–kinin system involved, act decreasing