Cellular pathology induced by snake venom phospholipase A2 myotoxins and neurotoxins: common aspects of their mechanisms of action

摘要: A large variety of snake toxins evolved from PLA2 digestive enzymes through a process ‘accelerated evolution’. These have different tissue targets, membrane receptors and mechanisms alteration the cell plasma membrane. Two most commonly induced effects by venom PLA2s are neurotoxicity myotoxicity. Here, we will discuss how these achieve similar cellular lesion, which is evolutionarily highly conserved, despite differences listed above. They cause an initial perturbation promotes increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentration leading to degeneration, following modes that in detail for muscle cells neuromuscular junction. The systemic pathophysiological consequences caused not due toxicity, but intrinsic anatomical physiological properties targeted tissues cells.