LEGISLATIVE AND TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVES FOR ADVANCED GROUND TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

摘要: This paper analyzes from legislative and technical perspectives 10 different scenarios for advanced ground transportation systems using natural gas to supplement oil. It is first shown that previous efforts promote the use of alternative fuels by incentives have failed because a lack infrastructure store distribute fuels. The then compares efficiencies various fuel-vehicle options means well-to-wheel fuel cycle starts with well at which feedstock extracted ends power delivered wheels vehicle. complete includes production; storage; transportation, storage, distribution; finally vehicle operations. Such an all-inclusive comparison essential in order accurately fairly compare efficiency options. approach indicates present time hybrid-electric vehicles, particularly those diesel engines, can achieve highest among available technologies. Hydrogen spark ignition, all-electric battery-powered methanol cell vehicles rank lowest their poor production efficiencies. study also examines reduce air pollution concludes any significant reduction requires repairing worst 10% polluting or removing them national fleet.