Mechanisms of Action of Cyclophosphamide as a Male-Mediated Developmental Toxicant

摘要: The consequences of exposure to drugs, radiation, and environmental toxicants on reproduction development are a growing concern. extent which paternal exposures contribute human infertility pregnancy loss is unknown. Several epidemiological studies presented at this conference in the literature show that certain occupations, e.g. as welder, painter, auto mechanic, or fireman, involving metals, combustion products, solvents, pesticides, associated with an increase spontaneous abortions, birth defects, childhood cancer (Savitz et al, 1994; Ries al., 1999; Olshan van Wijngaarden, volume; Bonde volume). In most instances, investigators have not identified specific chemical paradigms causative for male-mediated adverse effects progeny outcome. First, usually plethora chemicals; rare exceptions, there no data dose, duration exposure, potential interactions. Second, humans, very frequent events; demonstrate significant would require both large study population marked augmentation risk. Consequently, mechanisms by adversely affect outcome essential us understand how alterations male fertility provide scientific basis biomarkers risk assessment.