Global Dosage Compensation Is Ubiquitous in Lepidoptera, but Counteracted by the Masculinization of the Z Chromosome.

摘要: While chromosome-wide dosage compensation of the X chromosome has been found in many species, studies ZW clades have indicated that Z is more localized and/or incomplete. In Lepidoptera, some species show complete chromosome, while others lack full equalization, but what drives these inconsistencies unclear. Here, we compare patterns male and female gene expression on two closely related butterfly Papilio xuthus machaon, multiple tissues moths Plodia interpunctella Bombyx mori, which were previously to differ extent they equalize Z-linked between sexes. We find that, seem incomplete compensation, this fact due accumulation male-biased genes depletion female-biased chromosome. Once accounted for, fully compensated all four through up-regulation females cases additional down-regulation males. further both sex-biased increased rates divergence clade, can lead fast shifts even species. Taken together, results uneven distribution sex chromosomes confound conclusions about not only possible ubiquitous among Lepidoptera.